kreu-1, kreuǝ- : krū- ; kreus-, krus-

    kreu-1, kreuǝ- : krū- ; kreus-, krus-

    English meaning: blood, raw flesh; ice, crust

    Deutsche Übersetzung: 1. “thick, stockendes Blut, blutiges, rohes Fleisch”, presumably “geronnen (vom Blut)”, in addition eine 2. group kreus-, krus- for “Eis (as erstarrendes), Kruste (originally von Eis or Wundschorf), Eisscholle, Erdscholle” (see under) and verbal “frieren, schaudern (Gänsehaut)”

    Material: A. O.Ind. kravís- n. “rohes Fleisch” (= Gk. κρέFας), kravyam n. “blood” (*krou̯i̯o- = O.Pruss. krawian n.), krū-rá- “blutig, cruel, savage” = Av. xrūra- “blutig, grausig, cruel, savage” (: Lat. crūdus?) in compound with i- for ro-stem, Av. xrvi-dru- “the eine blutige Holzwaffe fũhrt”, i.e. xruvi-dru-, Av. xrū- f., xrūm (= xruvǝm) acc. ‘stũck blutiges Fleisch”, xrvant- (i.e. xrūvant-) “grauenhaft, grausig” (: Lat. cruentus), xrvī̆ šyant- “blutdũrstig, Grausen erregend”, xrūta- “grausig, cruel, savage”, xrūnya- n. “Bluttat, blutige maltreatment “, xrūma- “grauenhaft, grausig”; with a meaning “*geronnen* = “thick, hard”, O.Ind. krūḍ á yati “makes dick, tight, firm”, Av. xrū̆ ždra- “hard” (besides again with i- instead of ro-stem in compound xruždi-vačah- “with derber, lauter voice sprechend”), xraoždva- “hard”; Gk. κρέας n. “Fleisch” (*kreu̯ǝs); Lat. cruentus “blutig” (see above), cruor m. “das rohe, thick blood” (*kreu̯ōs), Osc. krustatar “crusta tegitor” (Denom. from *krus-tü), Lat. crusta “crust, bark, scurf”, originally “das fest gewordene blood auf an wound” (*krŭs-tü), crūdus “raw, rough, hard” (*krū-do-), crūdēlis “cruel, savage, herzlos”; Gaul.-rom. crōdios “hard” (*kroudios); maybe Alb. (*kroudios) krodhe “bread crust, coagulated blood, coagulated snot”, krodhë “beehive, hole (wound?)” M.Ir. crú (*krūs), gen. cráu, cró (*kruu̯os), Welsh crau, Corn. crow (*kruu̯ü) “blood” (see Pedersen KG. I 61, 251 f., II 97, Lohmann ZceltPh. 19, 63 f.), O.Ir. crūaid (*kroudis) “hard, tight, firm”, Bret. kriz (*krūdis) “cru, cruel” (Pedersen KG. I 207; not Lw. from Lat. crūdus); das d in Celt. and Lat. through dissimilation from r? Lith. kraũjas “blood” (: O.Ind. kravya-m), O.Pruss. crauyo, krawian ds., Lith. krùvinas “blutig”, krùvinu “make blutig”, participle krùvintas “blutig gemacht”, Ltv. kreve “geronnenes blood, scurf, crust”; maybe Alb. kruaj ‘scratch, damage, injure”, krua, kroje pl. “liquid, rapid”, (*krev-) kredh “plunge in water” [common Alb. f > th, v > dh shift]; Kruja Alb. city. Slav. *kry (*krūs), gen. *krъve “blood” in Slov. krî, O.Pol. kry, O.C.S. krъvь; O.C.S. krъvьnъ “blutig” (= Lith. krùvinaš); O.H.G. (h)rō, (h)rawēr, O.S. hrü, O.E. hrēaw, O.Ice. hrür “raw” (*hrawa-). B. Skyth. *xrohu-kasi-, Gk. Καύκασις “Kaukasus” (as “eis-gleaming”); Gk. τὸ κρύος “frost” (= *κρύσος?), κρυσταίνω “make congeal, freeze “, κρύσταλλος “ice; crystal”, κρῡμός “frost” (*κρυσμός), from κρύος derived (?) κρυόεις “ eerie “, κρυερός “ eerie, cruel, savage”; O.Ice. hriōsa, hraus ‘shudder”, hrjōstr n. “rauher bottom” (: Lat. crusta), O.H.G. (h)roso, (h)rosa “ice, crust” (in addition also the name of Monte Rosa), O.E. hrūse “earth, ground” (diese s-forms in relationship to τὸ κρύος and:) Ltv. kruvesis, kruesis “frozen ordure”, Lith. atkrũsti, preterit -krūsaũ “wiederaufleben, from Erfrorenem” (“*auffrieren”); Mũhlenbach-Endzelin II 291. without -s- presumably Nor. dial. ryggja ‘shudder” (compare κρυερός), viel fraglicher O.E. hrēoh “rough (of weather), grieving, wild”.

    References: WP. I 479 f., WH. I 294 ff., Trautmann 141 ff., J. Markwart Morgenland 1 (1922), 3 ff.